Exposures by night with artificial illumination introduce diverse problems:

• Motives and its illumination can only be judged in darkness
• Long exposure times must account for Schwarzschild's law
• Photographic films can shift during long exposure times in film cassettes
• Digital backs should be the better solution, however exposure times of 40 minutes with an aperture of 16 are rarely available
• Therefore above pictures were realized with precision flat field cassettes by Linhof.

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